Cardiovascular abnormalities in primary immunodeficiency diseases
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of patients with primary immune deficiency (PID) are being recognized as also suffering from cardiovascular system (CVS) abnormalities. These CVS defects might be explained by infectious or autoimmune etiologies, as well as by the role of specific genes and the immune system in the development and function of CVS tissues. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of the clinical, potentially pathogenic mechanisms, and the management of PID, as well as the associated immune and CVS defects. In addition to some well-known associations of PID with CVS abnormalities, such as DiGeorge syndrome and CHARGE anomaly, we describe the cardiac defects associated with Omenn syndrome, calcium channel deficiencies, DNA repair defects, common variable immunodeficiency, Roifman syndrome, various neutrophil/macrophage defects, FADD deficiency, and HOIL1 deficiency. Moreover, we detail the vascular abnormalities recognized in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic granulomatous disease, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Schimke immuno-osseus dysplasia, hyper-IgE syndrome, MonoMAC syndrome, and X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. In conclusion, the expanding spectrum of PID requires increased alertness to the possibility of CVS involvement as an important contributor to the diagnosis and management of these patients.
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LymphoSign Journal
Volume 2 • Number 3 • September 2015
Pages: 107 - 134
History
Received: 8 September 2014
Accepted: 10 September 2014
Accepted manuscript online: 11 September 2014
Version of record online: 11 September 2014
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Andrea Human, Luis Murguia-Favela, Lee Benson, Idan Roifman, and Eyal Grunebaum. 2015. Cardiovascular abnormalities in primary immunodeficiency diseases. LymphoSign Journal.
2(3): 107-134. https://doi.org/10.14785/lpsn-2014-0013
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