CARD11 is a crucial scaffold protein that controls antigen-induced activation of lymphocytes. Upon antigen receptor signaling, CARD11 engages several signaling pathways, leading to the activation of NF-κB, mTOR, and JNK. CARD11 mutations are frequently found in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their ability to induce aberrant lymphocyte proliferation may be enhanced by mutations in regulators of CARD11 signal transduction. Here we describe how dysregulated CARD11 activity can promote lymphomagenesis through branched signaling pathways whose components and intermediates provide targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Statement of novelty: This review discusses how gain-of-function CARD11 mutations promote lymphomagenesis by engaging branching signaling pathways and how these different pathways provide multiple targets for therapies.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. The application of point of care serological testing can help determine past infection and assist healthcare workers assess patient risk.Method: An observational study of 114 subjects in North Suburban Chicago, Illinois, was performed using the Clungene^® lateral flow immunoassay (LFI). Patients’ PCR test results and clinical symptoms were used to compare the seroconversion rate of this patient population with the surrounding community.Results: Excluding 1 aberrant result, there was 100% positive agreement (10) between PCR and antibody (IgG or IgM) test results. There were 7 patients who did not have a prior PCR test who were positive for IgG; 5 of the 7 had clinical symptoms consistent with possible exposure and 2 were asymptomatic. There was 1 person with a suspected exposure to an infected person who was IgM positive. Ninety-five asymptomatic patients were seronegative. The overall rate of 15.9% seroconversion (IgG or IgM) is consistent with other community-based testing results in the North Suburban Chicago, Illinois area.Conclusion: Rapid screening tests to identify antibody positive patients recovered from coronavirus disease-2019 can be a useful tool for healthcare professionals to determine or confirm past infection.Statement of novelty: Limited data is available on the use of point of care serological testing to assist healthcare professionals with the assessment of their patient population regarding past SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and seroconversion. The present study successfully investigated the use of a point of care antibody test in a physician’s office to determine which patients have developed antibodies, indicating an immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and to assist with decisions on whether patients should pursue normal social and workplace activities.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a form of severe combined immunodeficiency. Aberrant mutations in the ADA gene result in loss of ADA activity and the toxic accumulation of metabolites that damage both immune and non-immune organs. While patients with complete ADA deficiency present during infancy with failure to thrive, recurrent bacterial, viral and fungal infections, those with incomplete (partial) deficiency may present at a later age with milder symptoms associated with reduced T, B, and NK cell subpopulations. Based on experience in Canadian centres, we provide management guidelines for patients with ADA deficiency, including a treatment algorithm for use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, and enzyme replacement therapy.Statement of novelty: Herein, we define guidelines for the management and treatment of patients with ADA deficiency.